CEER Paper on Whole System Approaches

This document presents a short paper on Whole System Approaches (WSA). It categorises three different layers of WSA, taking into account the parties involved (network operators and others) and the scope of activities impacted:
1. Whole-network-approach;
2. Whole-chain-approach; and
3. Cross-systems-approach.
Annex 1 presents some case studies with practical application of WSA showing that some regulators have already adopted elements of the WSA and that the WSA has evolved based on the assessments of former mechanisms.